For some cities, growing up and out is no longer enough to meet development needs - resourceful, design led solutions are necessary to make the most of city space, both above and below-ground. Underground Urbanism looks at innovative design responses to underground spaces in cities, from Helsinki to Hong Kong. Promoting innovative underground projects in the fields of transport, recreation, housing, business and urban resilience, this book outlines a pragmatic approach to the planning, design and delivery of underground spaces. Inspiring more efficient and resourceful use of land in cities, it addresses strategic planning and safeguarding; infilling and up-cycling of existing spaces; safe access and egress considerations; property ownership; development strategy; and design standards. Helping architects and urban planners better understand the opportunities and impacts of underground development, Underground Urbanism takes a unique three dimensional approach to urban planning.