The objetive of this book is to examine an issue that is high on the political agenda of the EU and its member States, namely the development of an analytical framework to assess legally, ecologically, economically and socially responsible lebelling and certification schemes. Our research is focused on providing insights for making such schemes compatible with the international institutional framework and for minimising the potential negative effects on exporting countries, in particular developing countries. These questions were explored through the analysis of the institutional international context, through a broad inventory of labelling and certification schemes and through 5 case studies (fruit and vegetables sector, capture fisheries sector, forest management, blue jeans, and eco-turism services). The book aims to bring together the findings and insights in a systematic and comprehensive manner throgh the elaboration of a thematically-organized report.