Nitrous oxide is a chemical compound with the formula N2O. Despite its low concentration, nitrous oxide is the fourth largest contributor to greenhouse gases. Industrial sources make up only about 20% of all anthropogenic sources; human activity is thought to account for 30% and tropical soils and oceanic release account for 70%. This new book addresses this important environmental concern. Included is research on the soil-atmosphere exchange of N2O in managed grasslands and providing an overview of the sources of nitrogen input to grazed grasslands as well as the key soil processes regulating N2O fluxes. This book also presents new research on nitrification which also plays an important role in the removal of nitrogen from municipal wastewater.