In this new edition of Probability and Evidence, first published in 1972, one of the foremost analytical philosophers of the twentieth century addresses central questions in epistemology and the philosophy of science. Based on Ayer's influential Dewey Lectures of 1970, Probability and Evidence contains revised versions of the lectures and two additional essays.

Ayer examines the nature of inductive reasoning. He begins with Hume's formulation of the problem of induction and then explores the inferences on which we base our beliefs in factual matters. Ayer also distinguishes the three kinds of probability that inform inductive reasoning and considers various criteria for verifiability and falsifiability.

This new edition includes Graham Macdonald's extensive introduction explaining the book's importance and influence in contemporary philosophy.