First published in 1989. This volume has emerged from the International Colloquium on the Comparative Study of Japanese Society. Held at Noosa Heads in Queensland from 29 January to 6 February 1982, the colloquium brought together participants from eight countries to discuss about thirty papers. The participants came with a common sense of dissatisfaction with the 'group model' or 'consensus-oriented theories' as a means of understanding Japanese society. The papers and discussion focused on alternative approaches for conceptualizing Japanese society and on methodological issues in the comparative study of Japanese society.